汽轮机转子钢断裂韧度试验方法的研究

采用载荷分离法和多试样法对汽轮机某高压转子钢材料在高温下的断裂韧度值进行了测试,讨论了载荷分离法测断裂韧度的可靠性,并与传统的多试样法进行了对比。     

Giant dielectric phenomenon of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3/CaCu3Ti4O12 multilayers due to interfacial polarization for capacitor applications

Ba_0.5Sr_0.5TiO₃/CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (BST/CCTO) multilayers with different stack sequences were deposited on LaNiO₃(LNO)/SiO₂/Si substrates by a sol-gel process. The dielectric properties of BST/CCTO multilayers are significantly affected by the deposition sequence, the layer thickness and the impurities, effects that are interpreted using the Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization model. Impurities are generated by elemental interdiffusion at the interfaces of BST/CCTO, and less at the interfaces of BST/LNO and CCTO/LNO. The dielectric permittivity of the CCTO/BST/LNO/SiO₂/Si sample reaches 352,200 at 10 kHz, and stabilizes above 20,000 in the range of 100 kHz to 1 MHz. This work demonstrates an effective approach to enhance dielectric properties for film capacitor applications by constructing multilayers with specific deposition sequences and layer thicknesses.     

Composition-dependent xBa(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-(1-x)(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 bulk ceramics for high energy storage applications

This work reports the composition dependent microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties, and the phase transitions sequence of lead free xBa(Zr_0.2Ti_0.8)O₃-(1-x)(Ba_0.7Ca_0.3)TiO₃ [xBZT-(1-x)BCT] ceramics, with x?=?0.4, 0.5 and 0.6, prepared by solid state reaction method. The XRD and Raman scattering results confirm the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases at room temperature (RT). The temperature dependence of Raman scattering spectra, dielectric permittivity and polarization points a first phase transition from ferroelectric rhombohedral phase to ferroelectric tetragonal phase at a temperature (T_R-T) of 40?°C and a second phase transition from ferroelectric tetragonal phase - paraelectric pseudocubic phase at a temperature (T_T-C) of 110?°C. The dielectric analysis suggests that the phase transition at T_T-C is of diffusive type and the BZT-BCT ceramics are a relaxor type ferroelectric materials. The composition induced variation in the temperature dependence of dielectric losses was correlated with full width half maxima (FWHM) of A₁, E(LO) Raman mode. The saturation polarization (P_s) ≈8.3?μC/cm² and coercive fields ≈2.9?kV/cm were found to be optimum at composition x?=?0.6 and is attributed to grain size effect. It is also shown that BZT-BCT ceramics exhibit a fatigue free response up to 10⁵ cycles. The effect of a.c. electric field amplitude and temperature on energy storage density and storage efficiency is also discussed. The presence of high T_T-C (110?°C), a high dielectric constant (ε_r ≈?12,285) with low dielectric loss (0.03), good polarization (P_s ≈?8.3?μC/cm²) and large recoverable energy density (W?=?121?mJ/cm³) with an energy storage efficiency (η) of 70% at an electric field of 25?kV/cm in 0.6BZT-0.4BCT ceramics make them suitable candidates for energy storage capacitor applications.     

Microwave Absorption of Crystalline Fe/MnO@C Nanocapsules Embedded in Amorphous Carbon

Crystalline Fe/MnO@C core–shell nanocapsules inlaid in porous amorphous carbon matrix(FMCA)was synthesized successfully with a novel confinement strategy.The heterogeneous Fe/MnO nanocrystals are with approximate single-domain size which gives rise to natural resonance in 2–18 GHz.The addition of MnO2 confines degree of graphitization catalyzed by iron and contributes to the formation of amorphous carbon.The heterogeneous materials composed of crystalline–amorphous structures disperse evenly and its density is significantly reduced on account of porous properties.Meanwhile,adjustable dielectric loss is achieved by interrupting Fe core aggregation and stacking graphene conductive network.The dielectric loss synergistically with magnetic loss endows the FMCA enhanced absorption.The optimal reflection loss(RL)is up to−45 dB,and the effective bandwidth(RL<−10 dB)is 5.0 GHz with 2.0 mm thickness.The proposed confinement strategy not only lays the foundation for designing high-performance microwave absorber,but also offers a general duty synthesis method for heterogeneous crystalline–amorphous composites with tunable composition in other fields.     

Corrosion of Mg alloys EV31A,WE43B,and ZE41A in chloride- and sulfate-containing solutions saturated with magnesium hydroxide

This study studied corrosion in 0.1 M Na₂SO₄, 0.1 M NaCl, and 0.6 M NaCl, all saturated with Mg(OH)₂, using weight loss, hydrogen evolution, and electrochemical measurements. Corrosion was similar in all cases. Nevertheless, the corrosion rates were alloy-dependent, were somewhat lower in 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ than in 0.1 M NaCl, and increased with NaCl concentration. The corrosion damage morphology was similar for all solutions; the extent correlated with the corrosion rate. The corrosion rates evaluated by the electrochemical methods were lower than those evaluated from hydrogen evolution, consistent with the Mg corrosion mechanism involving the unipositive Mg⁺ ion.     

质子交换膜燃料电池电化学阻抗谱弛豫时间分布研究

电化学阻抗谱技术能够获取燃料电池不同频率阻抗，但对阻抗的构成缺乏进一步解析，难以直接构建精准的等效电路模型进行阻抗拟合分析，而弛豫时间分布（Distribution of relaxation time，DRT）方法不需要定义特定的等效电路模型，即可解析燃料电池不同时间常数的极化过程。针对实验室用质子交换膜燃料电池，在不同运行条件下对其进行阻抗谱测量，并通过Kramers-Kronig关系验证所记录阻抗数据的质量。基于DRT分析方法，系统地解释阻抗谱中各频段阻抗对应的物理或化学意义。研究表明，该电池的电化学阻抗谱主要由3个不同时间常数频段的极化阻抗构成，通过与运行条件相关性的系统分析，确定低频段阻抗为氧气在多孔介质中的传输阻碍，中频段阻抗为与氧还原反应有关的电荷传递阻碍，中高频段阻抗为阴极催化剂层中的质子传输阻碍。为进一步确定DRT分析结果的合理性，采用等效电路模型拟合测量的阻抗数据，辨识的电阻元件参数变化趋势与DRT分析结果一致。     

剥离的碳化钛（d-Ti3C2Tx）纳米片吸波性能

目的研究剥离的碳化钛(d-Ti3C2Tx)纳米片的吸波性能。方法利用HCl/LiF刻蚀,通过高速离心的方法得到d-Ti3C2Tx纳米片。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析d-Ti3C2Tx的物相组成。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对d-Ti3C2Tx进行形貌分析。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)测量了d-Ti3C2Tx纳米片的厚度。利用矢量网络分析仪(VNA)测试了d-Ti3C2Tx纳米片与石蜡复合材料X波段的电磁参数。利用Cole-Cole图分析了复合材料的损耗来源,并通过电磁参数计算分析了d-Ti3C2Tx的吸波性能。结果d-Ti3C2Tx纳米片与石蜡复合材料的介电实部/虚部随着d-Ti3C2Tx浓度的增加而增大,极化的增强和电导网络的扩大是导致复合材料介电实部/虚部增加的主要原因。Cole-Cole图分析表明,复合材料中存在多种类型的极化,这分别是由缺陷、官能团和界面等引起的多重弛豫极化。吸波性能分析表明,通过改变d-Ti3C2Tx浓度,可以调控复合材料的吸波性能。当填充量达到15%时,吸波性能最佳。其在厚度为4 mm下最小反射损耗为−20.1 dB,相应的微波吸收带宽(<‒10 dB)为1.9 GHz。结论d-Ti3C2Tx/石蜡复合材料表现了优异的微波吸收性能,且通过改变d-Ti3C2Tx浓度,可以调控d-Ti3C2Tx复合材料的微波吸收性能。     

Influence of polymer enhancement on water uptake,retention and barrier performance of geosynthetic clay liners

This paper explores the influence of polymer enhancement on water uptake and retention by geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) across a wide suction range (up to 10⁶ kPa), including the low suction regime (0.1–10 kPa) typically omitted in past studies. The suction measurement methods used enabled elucidation of water uptake and retention behaviour through the framework of GCL pore structures and their corresponding suction regimes. Polymer enhanced GCLs (PE-GCLs) have high maximum water uptake, and both the water entry and air expulsion values tend to be high. Due to high swelling, the onset of geotextile confinement for PE-GCLs was observed at high suctions. The impact of polymer becomes more apparent when the bentonite achieves a pseudo-two-layer interlayer hydration state at a suction of about 40 MPa (RH = 75%). The hydration mechanism for the polymer fraction in bentonite is unique to the specific polymer type, polymer dosage, and manufacturing process. The water retention behaviour at the low suction range is caused by the in-filling of geotextile pores, bentonite swelling and extrusion, and polymer water adsorption. Insights from this study can form the basis for developing a more suitable bimodal generalised model for fitting the water retention curves of GCLs.